►North Korea’s declaration of South Korea as a separate, enemy state marks a fundamental break from its historical pursuit of peaceful reunification, reshaping the dynamics of inter-Korean relations and complicating engagement with the United States.

►Geopolitical shifts, including strengthened ties with Russia and China and the erosion of denuclearization talks with the United States, have provided North Korea with the political space to redefine its relationships with South Korea and the broader international community.

►Pyongyang’s move towards a two-state doctrine necessitates a recalibrated U.S.-South Korea alliance strategy, focusing on deterrence, countering proliferation, and maintaining a long-term vision for reunification amidst heightened tensions.

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