►As autonomous weapon systems (AWS) based on AI are increasingly integrated into military operations worldwide, international cooperation needs to establish ethical norms, and the legal frameworks governing their use have become more pressing.

►A core principle of Just War Theory (JWT) is that military actions must be justifiable, and in this context, Explainable AI (XAI) plays a crucial role in the ethical deployment of AWS by clarifying decision-making processes and ensuring accountability.

►Despite AI advancements, AWS fundamentally lacks a moral compass, creating a responsibility gap that can only be bridged through human oversight and command responsibility, ensuring ethical accountability in high-stakes military contexts.

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